Mission The Revista Brasileira de Ciências Sociais (Rev. Bras, Ci. Soc.) is one of the leading interdisciplinary journals in the field of the social sciences in Brazil. Its mission is to publicize the cutting edge academic production of the three great areas forming as much the scope of the Associação Nacional de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Ciências Sociais (ANPOCS) as the very tradition of the social sciences: Anthropology, Political Science, and Sociology. The Journal encompasses the characteristically broad thematic diversity of those areas, as well as their corresponding plurality in terms of methodology and theoretical and conceptual development.
Autores que publicam neste periódico concordam com os seguintes termos: Autores mantém os direitos autorais e concedem ao periódico o direito de primeira publicação, com o trabalho simultaneamente licenciado sob a Licença Creative Commons Attribution que permite o compartilhamento do trabalho com reconhecimento da autoria e publicação inicial neste periódico. Autores têm autorização para assumir contratos adicionais separadamente, para distribuição não-exclusiva da versão do trabalho publicada neste periódico (ex.: publicar em repositório institucional ou como capítulo de livro), com reconhecimento de autoria e publicação inicial neste periódico. Autores têm permissão e são estimulados a publicar e distribuir seu trabalho online (ex.: em repositórios institucionais ou na sua página pessoal) a qualquer ponto antes ou durante o processo editorial, já que isso pode gerar alterações produtivas, bem como aumentar o impacto e a citação do trabalho publicado (Veja O Efeito do Acesso Livre).
Neoconservadorismo no Brasil e nos Estados Unidos
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VIEWS OF DEMOCRACY AMONG BRAZILIANS: EVOLUTION AND DETERMINANT FACTORS
This paper analyzes the perspective of Brazilian citizens on democracy and what are the individual determinant factors of each of these conceptions. This paper begins by mapping Brazilians' conceptions of democracy based on questions from the World Values Survey of 2006, 2014, and 2018 that allow us to differentiate to what extent citizens have a greater or lesser commitment to conceptions of liberal democracy, social democracy, and direct democracy, or accept certain authoritarian alternatives. Subsequently, the paper studies the individual determinant factors of the different views of democracy, including sociodemographic and attitudinal variables. The results show the stability of views of democracy among Brazilians between 2006 and 2018 and the prevalence of a liberal democracy view. Ideological positions of citizens are variously associated with different views of democracy.
Memory Policies on the Authoritarian Past and Outcomes for Democracy in Argentina and Brazil
In this article, we seek to understand how two countries that experienced, at similar times, authoritarian regimes and fluctuations in their economic performance ended up developing consistently different levels of support for democracy. Our argument is that the different processes of transition to democracy in the two countries produced different institutional arrangements around policies of reparations and memory about authoritarian regimes as well as dissimilar possibilities of political interference by the Armed Forces. In order to do that, we analyse opinion polls and the processes of implementation and development of policies of reparation and memory about authoritarian regimes. This paper seeks to contribute to the research field in two ways. First, in terms of the discussion regarding the factors that can interfere with adherence to democracy. And, second, comparatively addressing the transition processes to democracy and the long-term repercussions of those processes, such as the recent military influence on Brazilian politics.
Two Schools, One Lesson: Sociology as an instrument of deracialization at the Atlanta School (1897-1910) and the Teatro Experimental do Negro (1948-1955)
The objective of this paper is to relate the idea of sociology as a weapon of liberation, developed among American scholars of the Atlanta School at the beginning of the twentieth century, and the conception of sociology as knowledge of salvation that emerged among intellectuals of the Teatro Experimental do Negro (TEN), specifically between 1948 and 1955. Our methodology consists of the historical reconstruction of the aforementioned contexts and theories, comparing the similarities and differences in the appropriation of sociology by racialized intellectual communities in the United States and Brazil. We indicate how the Atlanta School (1897-1910) used sociology to demonstrate that inequalities were the result of social and economic mechanisms and not of alleged atavistic inferiority. TEN, on the other hand, resorted to sociology, first as a means of constructing a project for the social integration of the black population, and then as a tool to unmask the ideologies produced by the social sciences. Thus, on the one hand, these two institutions worked against domination and exploitation based on racial categories; and, on the other, they constructed new forms of rationality oriented by emancipatory purposes.
Copyright (c) 2025 Revista Brasileira de Ciências Sociais https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Pandemia, desigualdade e pobreza nas regiões metropolitanas brasileiras
The article evaluates the behavior of income inequality and poverty in metropolitan Brazil during the Covid-19 pandemic. The main objective is to analyze the role played, between 2019 and 2021, by federal income transfer policies – specially the Emergency Aid - with regard to variations in the level of inequality and poverty in Brazilian metropolises. Data come from the Continuous National Household Sample Survey (PNADc – IBGE), in its annual release, and comprise the twenty-two main metropolitan regions of the country. The results show the extent to which variations in labor income and income transfer policies explain the evolution of inequalities and poverty during the pandemic period.
Did you match? An introduction to matching techniques
How can we infer causality from observational data? This article provides an intuitive introduction to matching, a useful statistical technique for identifying causal relationships in non-experimental research designs. Methodologically, we present the main features of matching through two applied examples: a) the effect of military schools on learning (Benevides and Soares, 2020) and b) the impact of Bolsa Família on the propensity to vote for the Workers' Party (Zucco and Power, 2013). We show the computational implementation in R and explain the substantive interpretation of the results. In order to increase the pedagogical potential of the research, we provide all replication materials, which makes it easier for students and professionals to use the data and scripts in their study and work activities. With this article, we hope to foster the use of quasi-experimental techniques in the Social Sciences and encourage replicability as a teaching strategy in data analysis training.
A crítica indígena e a produção intelectual no texto e no audiovisual
Diagnosticar falhas e solucionar litígios de saúde:
The paper retraces the history of the creation of the Health Litigation Resolution Chamber, a public agency in the city of Rio de Janeiro that is responsible for trying to extrajudicially address the demands of people who intend to sue the State to access a health service or good. Based on a combination of literature review, documental research, and fieldwork, I discuss how the formulation of the CRLS constitutes a simultaneous process of diagnosing failures and proposing solutions for health litigation. In dialogue with an anthropological perspective of the State and public policies, I argue that the elaboration of mechanisms and institutions of state management cannot be thought of separately from the very production of problematic issues in which the public authorities must intervene. So, if, on one hand, the inauguration of the Chamber contributes decisively to consolidate the “excessive judicialization of health” and the “slowness of the Judiciary” as social problems; on the other hand, its performance reinforces the idea that the best way to face them is through “de-judicialization” and the administrative resolution of conflicts between citizens and the State.
Disputas, alianças e políticas de resistência:
The effects of the transformations promoted by the feminist and LGBTI+ movements in recent Brazil and the reaction to them by conservative sectors are a prognosis of what the reader will find in the book “Rights in Dispute: LGBTI+ Power and Difference in Contemporary Brazil”, organized by Regina Facchini and Isadora Lins França. The book expresses the efforts of researchers from different areas of knowledge to reflect on sexual and gender diversity in these angry times marked by the hardenig of conservatism.
Resenha de Desenvolvimento e regime de trabalho:
Review of the book organized by Roberto Véras de Oliveira and Gerry Rodgers, which will become a reference in the Brazilian and international debates on the Northeast. Breathwork, covers a many themes and problems related, if we can summarize in a sentence, with the dilemmas of development in the region, seen from the perspective of work.
A gramática das instituições como ferramenta de análise do desenho institucional
Institutional grammar tool is an analytical tool for the study of institutional design created by Elinor Ostrom and Sue Crawford. Considering institutions such as norms, rules, and shared strategies that structure the diversity of human interactions in action situations, the deconstruction of institutional statements in their syntactic terms represents an analytical tool available for the study of institutional designs. This article analyzes the institutional grammar tool on its foundations and proceeds to a systematic review of the uses and potential analytics with particular focus on its application in the policy analysis. The integrative review considers articles that make up the international literature due to the use of this methodology, identifying the applications, limits and potentialities. The article concludes that the use of the analytical tool has potential to contribute to the development of the field dedicated to institutional analysis and public policies.
Review of the book Ceux qui restent: faire sa vie dans les campagnes en déclin, by Benoît Coquard, published at the end of 2019. In the work, Coquard returns to the rural region of the great east of France, inserting himself in the daily life of young adults of the classes popular in order to understand how the process of deindustrialization experienced in that space in the 1990s changes the social coexistence of a generation in a sudden and intense way. Ceux qui restent is a book that shows us that it was economic reasons, rather than cultural differences, that generated the struggles and the current division of the rural popular classes.
Copyright (c) 2022 Revista Brasileira de Ciências Sociais https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The everyday ethics of interruptions in Pentecostal religious trajectories
The objective of this article is to study the moments of interruptions in evangelical trajectories in contemporary Brazil, that is, to analyze the processes of suspension, stop, reflux and continuity that occurred throughout the unfolding of the religious lives of people converted to Pentecostalism. Based on the theoretical and methodological approach of the anthropology of emotions and moralities, the work focuses on the biographies of three evangelical Brazilian artists. It is understood in this text that interruptions are propitious events for the production of moral and emotional dramas through stories that are told in different discursive forms. In this sense, the purpose here is to follow in detail the ethical and subjective fluctuations in the face of the mundane and sacred demands experienced by these artists, highlighting their actions to deal with the uncertainties and suffering of everyday life through the handling of words and the way they narrate their periods of instability in the faith.
This article is about the conceptions of science and anthropology of José Loureiro Fernandes (1903-1977), third president of the Brazilian Association of Anthropology. In this work, we highlight his views on Anthropology as a science and the reasons why he considered it relevant to society. Loureiro was part of a historical moment when Brazilian intellectuals assumed the role of nation builders, through the scientific clarification of its funcioning and origins. His Anthropology was thus marked by the effort to outline the principles that govern the development of the successive historical forms assumed by society , attempting to make an evolutionary study of Paraná´s "techniques and industry". One of our main sources are texts in which he traced biographical reviews of characters from the history of Paraná whose trajectories he considered exemplary. As he describes lives , Loureiro allows us to glimpse the values ​​that were dear to him and that he pursued in his own trajectory. The study of the articulation between science and politics in his actions allows us to reflect on the process of institutionalization of the Social Sciences in Brazil, and on the contemporaneous practices of Anthropology.
A exploração da precariedade na pesquisa clínica
Resenha de: CASTRO, Rosana. (2020), Economias políticas da doença e da saúde: uma etnografia da experimentação farmacêutica. São Paulo, Hucitec.
Our aim is to analyse the practical effects of the Inovar-Auto Program, in terms of employment preservation in the automotive chain, relating them to the changes in the industrial labour market of São Bernardo do Campo (SP), and to the shutdown of the Ford factory in the city, in 2019. We operated from statistical data in the sector, employment data provided by the Secretariat of Labour in the Ministry of Economy, in addition to interviews, in order to demonstrate that the Inovar-auto, a program that started from the premise to award the manufactures with fiscal incentives that would invest in Brazil, revealed itself to being able to preserve or expand the employment in the sector and its failure still has some relation with the shutdown of the Ford factory. With this discussion, we also intend to contribute with the agenda of research about the income strategies of the automotive corporations in diverse institutional sceneries, fundamentally related to the sociological research about the compared capitalism.
Comparative Capitalism; Employment; Corporate Strategies; Ford; Inovar-Auto.
O Quadrante Vazio: estilos de campanhas eleitorais digitais no Brasil
This article analyzes the digital strategies used by successful campaigns to the Legislative Chamber of the Federal District, in Brasilia, Brazil, in 2018. The research design combines the analysis of semistructured interviews and data from documents and digital platforms. We classify the campaigns according to two analytical axes: priorization (to what extent campaign expenditures prioritized digital strategies) and breadth (to what extent they used all available digital platforms). We identified four campaign styles: scattered, diverse, anemic, and concentrated. The most relevant results are that there are no diversified digital strategies and only one concentrated campaign. These results are not determined by the amount of resources available to the campaigns. Instead, the outcome derives from strategic choices made by actors. The analysis contributes to debates about online political campaigns as well as debates about process of appropriation of digital technologies.
Copyright (c) 2024 Revista Brasileira de Ciências Sociais https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
This article analyzes the social profiles of characters in Brazilian movies in the last two decades with special attention to race and gender. It intends to contribute to the perspectives of the social sciences on inequalities and to intersectional feminist criticism from the apprehension of how political minorities and dominant groups are inserted in the narratives formulated by the national audiovisual industry. To this end, firstly, we built a database with the top-grossing films between 1995 and 2015 according to information available at the Brazilian Observatory of Cinema and Audiovisual (OCA-ANCINE). Then, we observed the feature films and classified several characteristics of 6.450 characters that achieved some relevance in the plot, considered by two criteria: nomination or participation in dialogues. The results allow us to indicate discriminatory patterns of inclusion in the narratives that mainly affect the black and brown population.
gênero, raça, cinema brasileiro, representação, desigualdades
Copyright (c) 2021 Revista Brasileira de Ciências Sociais https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
O DEBATE SOBRE O ABORTO NA CÂMARA DOS DEPUTADOS DO BRASIL E DO URUGUAI (1985-2016)
THE ABORTION DEBATE IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF BRAZIL AND URUGUAY (1985-2016) Abstract: The purpose of this text is to analyze and compare the legislative debate on abortion in Brazil and Uruguay. In order to carry out this research, we used as research methodology the analysis of all the speeches pronounced in the Chamber of Deputies of Brazil and in the House of Representatives of Uruguay, between 1985 and 2016. The comparison between these countries is relevant because they are constituted in opposite cases, concerning the treatment of women's reproductive rights. Uruguay has become the only country in the region, in recent times, to approve legislation to decriminalize voluntary termination of pregnancy. In Brazil there is a rise of conservative political, social and religious forces, which are largely responsible for regressively leading the discussion on abortion in the Congress. In this sense we propose to examine the positions in dispute and, through the data, to present indicators to explain these different scenarios.
O espaço e o território no trabalho em TI: a experiência do ecossistema de empreendedorismo tecnológico de São Carlos-SP
This article aims to analyze the influence of the spatial dimension on work settings in the information technology (IT) area, especially in startup companies. This reflection is part of the discussion on the flexibilization of work in recent decades, which includes new spatial-temporal work arrangements, new control strategies and the requirement for a new worker profile, which mobilizes subjective resources at work. The research was developed in the technological entrepreneurship ecosystem that is being structured in the city of São Carlos-SP, also called “Technology Capital” and “Brazilian Silicon Valley”. We carried out visits to companies and coworking spaces and interviewed IT workers and entrepreneurs through a semi-structured script. We found that the territory is not a neutral variable within the sector's operating dynamics, influencing business strategies and wage relations. In addition, the current configuration of workspaces aims to produce worker engagement, stimulate creativity and innovation, increase productivity and encourage reticular relationships, despite the informal and relaxed environment.
Minipublics and Democratic Innovation: The Case of Jardim Lapenna
Minipublics emerged as a democratic innovation in the context of the "deliberative turn" and criticism of representative democracy in the 1970s, rescuing the draw as an alternative to democratic qualification. This article describes the first Brazilian experience of a Minipublic, within the scope of the Neighborhood Plan of Jardim Lapenna, São Paulo, which made recommendations for revitalizing the main urban space in the neighborhood. Using methodological aspects of a dense description based on soft data collected in the application process of the Minipublic, the article presents the context in which the Minipublic was applied, as well as the main perceptions of the social actors involved in the deliberation processes carried out. Also describes the suggestions for political intervention and policies that these actors made to the Public Power and what were their consequences. The article ends by making a normative reflection on the potential of Minipublics as democratic innovation.
Minipublics; Democratic Participation; Public Pollicies; Deliberation. Democartic Innovations
Revisionism and Negationism on the opposition of Jair Bolsonaro to the National Truth Commission
The article analyzes the speeches delivered by the former Congressman Jair Bolsonaro around the Law No. 12,528, of 18 November 2011, which aimed at implementing the National Truth Commission (CNV). These speeches, made in the Chamber of Deputies, are essential for the understanding of a current historical revisionism and negationism present in the relations between the military regime, civil society and its policies of memories. The former Congressman deputy interventions are fundamental to outline a kind of “genealogy” of the current conservatism, whose controversies defenses the excesses of violence committed in the past by the political forces of the Brazilian state.
This article focuses on the correlations between race, aging, and silence in the trajectories of two black Brazilian popular musicians – Alfredo da Rocha Viana Filho, or Pixinguinha, and Dorival Caymmi. Tracing back to some key moments in their canonization in popular music criticism and scholarship, this article intends to shed light on how the silences on certain social marks, specifically skin color, were crucial dimensions to the artists’ racial experiences. In biographies and interviews, Pixinguinha and Caymmi are almost never acknowledged as black men, whereas references to their artistic genius and old age abound. Further, the non-enunciation of blackness, analyzed here in the specific context of artists’ trajectories as instrumentalists and composers, was also a strategy to navigate racial barriers in the music industry and more broadly Brazilian society.
Pixinguinha; Dorival Caymmi; silence; race and aging
O PÓS-ESTRUTURALISMO SISTÊMICO DE NIKLAS LUHMANN
The present article presents the systemic theory of Niklas Luhmann, and discusses critically its main concepts. It does this by highlighting post-structuralist features common to contemporary sociological theory. The background argument - what it is really intended to demonstrate - is that the same theoretical and philosophical factors that led to the crisis of metaphysics, humanism as a pillar of classical sociological theory, and the crisis of scientific determinism, influenced the systemic theory of Niklas Luhmann argument, especially from his "autopoietic turn" in the 1980s. In order to do so, we explore concepts such as: decentralization, deconstruction, post-fundacionalism, complexity, system-environment, communication, relationality, among others that are also present in the systemic post-structuralist theory Niklas Luhmann.
Niklas Luhmann. Pós-estruturalismo. Complexidade. Pós-determinismo. Relacionalidade.
Care and humanization are intersected words in Amerindian ethnology and, in a different way, in the anthropological literature on health. I seek to establish partial connections (Strathern, 1991) between these repertoires as a way of making visible some issues from my ethnographic experience at Casai (Casa de Apoio à Saúde Indígena) in São Paulo. For many indigenous people, this space full of difference intensifies the vulnerability inherent to illness, in which they are inhabited by alterities and their transformational effects. Being subject to the care of the Whites is a point of convergence among indigenous people who come to São Paulo for biomedical treatment. Being a target of care implies being under the eyes - and, therefore, the consideration or intervention - of others, but it also implies making yourself visible to them, mobilizing them in specific ways. This article focuses on some care relationships in which indigenous patients and health professionals are actively, and differently, involved.
cuidado, humanização, saúde indígena, Casai
La dosificación del pasado: la memoria en las políticas oficiales de reparación chilenas
The Chilean civic-military dictatorship reached levels of violence such that the State had to generate a series of reparation measures that would allow the national and victims' dignity to be compensated. In this context, multiple legal-political devices were generated, within the framework of Transitional Justice, aimed at consolidating social memory in the country. Given the lack of research that asks about the place of memory in these policies, it was proposed to conduct an analysis of the discourse of the regulations that regulate reparation in Chile, resulting in four interpretative repertoires, namely: the repair repertoire as official truth, the recovery of human dignity and the dosage of memory; the institutions repertoire; the archive repertoire and; The commemoration repertoire. Once the analysis is completed, these policies configure the memory of the Dictatorship in Chile as a steganography, as it is necessary to put together a series of pieces that are dosed by the standards and meet a series of requirements to remember the past violent. In this sense, the institutionalization of memories has defined who, how, when and where to remember in Chile.
Políticas de la reparación, Memoria social, Dictadura chilena, Esteganografía de la memoria
O artigo argumenta que regimes de normatização subnacional de caráter estadual podem modificar consideravelmente e atuação dos conselhos gestores de políticas no plano municipal. O argumento tem implicações relevantes porque o conhecimento acumulado sobre os conselhos descansa na premissa da prevalência de regimes nacionais de normatização, responsável por produzir convergência local, por setor de políticas, na atuação dessas instituições. Apresentam-se resultados inéditos ao comparar a produção decisória de 77 conselhos, examinando quase 15 mil resoluções em cinco municípios de grade porte: Fortaleza, Belo Horizonte, Porto Alegre, Goiânia e Guarulhos. Especificamente, com base em uma tipologia de conselhos que permite agregar as decisões e projetar resultados esperados, examinam-se o volume e escopo das resoluções, bem como a homogeneidade desses dois atributos entre conselhos do mesmo setor. O padrão decisório encontrado confirma que descrição standard dos conselhos informada por uma narrativa focada no plano nacional corresponde a parte significativa dos conselhos, mas lhe escapa uma parte deles com atividade decisória anômala, plausivelmente animada por regimes estaduais de normatização.
RESENHA: “Verdades afiliativas”: Ignas Kalpokas e a sua teoria da pós-verdade
Book review - KALPOKAS, Ignas. (2019), A Political Theory of Post-Truth. Londres, Palgrave Macmillan. 135p
Resenha do livro Brazil Apart (1964-2019), Perry Anderson, Verso, London, 2019, 224 pages, ISBN 978-1-78873-794-4
Capitalismo e vigilância digital na sociedade democrática
Book review of The Age of Surveillance Capitalism - the fight for a human future at the new frontier of power. New York: Public Affairs. 2019