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What Should Central Banks Do?
A joint symposium between the Review of Political Economy and Economia e
Sociedade.
GUEST EDITORS Carolina Troncoso Baltar · Alex Wilhans Antonio Palludeto · Louis-Philippe Rochon
· Sergio Rossi
Central banks were first designed to deal with financial instability and to give
economic and financial support to governments by funding public debt. This was their
primary raison d’être. The earliest institutions, like the Bank of England (1694), were
established specifically to finance military conflicts and manage national treasuries.
Later, banks like the U.S. Federal Reserve (1913) were created as “lenders of last resort”
to stop bank panics and standardize currency. As time went on, however, central banks
were called upon to assume additional tasks, notably the responsibility for keeping
inflation ‘low and stable’ and for addressing unemployment.
Viewed from the periphery, this question cannot be separated from the hierarchical
nature of the global monetary and financial system. That hierarchy shapes even central
banks' ‘core’ objectives, so what is at stake is less the addition of new mandates than
the degree of monetary sovereignty peripheral capitalist states possess in the first
place.
Today, as research has progressed and new economic challenges have arisen, central
banks are being called upon once more — from various ideological sides — to address
issues of inequality and the environment, and to participate in quantitative easing for
the people.
But are central banks able to address all these issues? Or, more importantly, should
they? In the end, are we not asking central banks to do too much? Should central banks
address income inequality? Should they address ecological problems, and, above all,
should they distribute money to the general public?
It is of course one thing to recognize that monetary policy has distributive or ecological
consequences, but asking central banks to address these issues is a matter of great
debate. Does this fall into the mainstream trap of accepting ‘monetary policy
dominance’, as coined by Rochon and Setterfield? Are central banks equipped to deal
with these additional problems, or should they be relegated to fiscal policy?
Such is the question posed by this joint symposium between the Review of Political
Economy and Economia e Sociedade. Our aim is to publish a total of twenty articles
across the two journals, asking the important question of what central banks should do
today.
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