APONTAMENTOS PARA O DEBATE SOBRE O PLENO EMPREGO NO BRASIL
Abstract
RESUMO O artigo critica a versão segundo a qual a economia brasileira estaria em pleno emprego. Dadas as características estruturais do mercado de trabalho brasileiro, a taxa de desemprego aberto não é adequada para avaliar a situação de pleno emprego, razão pela qual apregoa ser mais preciso utilizar os dados das Pesquisas de Emprego e Desemprego (PED), da Fundação SEADE/DIEESE, que captam de forma mais ampla o fenômeno do desemprego nos mercados de trabalho regionais no Brasil. Através de um estudo econométrico e da análise de algumas mudanças em indicadores do mercado de trabalho brasileiro, o estudo mostra que, apesar da baixa taxa de desemprego aberto atingida no final de 2012, ainda existe elevada parcela de trabalhadores atuando no setor informal. Ademais, o exercício econométrico revela a fragilidade da baixa taxa de desemprego aberto do mercado de trabalho, o que desautoriza a afirmação de que a economia esteja em pleno emprego. ABSTRACT The article aims at questioning the idea that Brazil's economy is undergoing a period of full employment. Given the characteristics of the Brazilian labor market, the rate of standard unemployment is not adequate to evaluate the hypothesis of full employment. Instead, the Fundação SEADE/DIEESE unemployment data reveals more precisely the wide range of unemployment situations in the labor markets along Brazil's five geographic regions, since it considers also many aspects of disguised unemployment and underemployment in its statistics. Labor market indicators show that, in spite of the very low standard rate of standard unemployment reached at the end of 2012, a large proportion of workers are still employed in the informal sector. Moreover, an econometric analysis of employment data suggests that the low standard unemployment rate might be unstable, thus casting doubts over the diagnosis of full employment. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: pleno emprego; mercado de trabalho brasileiro; taxa de desemprego no Brasil KEY-WORDS: full employment; Brazilian labor market; rate of unemployment in Brazil JEL CLASSIFICATION: J00; J21; J60Published
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